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Hombegowda, H. C.
- 'Thang Bun’: Indigenous Practice of In Situ Biochar Preparation-cum-application for Improved Jhum Cultivation in North East India
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PDF Views:123
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Koraput 763 002, IN
2 ICAR-Central Institute for Women in Agriculture, Bhubaneswar 751 003, IN
3 ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam 793 103, IN
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Koraput 763 002, IN
2 ICAR-Central Institute for Women in Agriculture, Bhubaneswar 751 003, IN
3 ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam 793 103, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 120, No 7 (2021), Pagination: 1160-1168Abstract
Thang bun is a traditional agricultural method practised by ethnic communities in Meghalaya, India. This method produces and incorporates biochar in the soil on raised beds from slashed plant biomass while practicing jhumming (slash and burn agriculture). The biochar prepared and incorporated into jhum soils acts as an acid-neutralizing agent and improves physico-chemical properties in acidic soils. This practice highlights the knowledge of ethnic communities on biochar preparation as well as soil fertility management using locally available resources for improving crop performance. This low-cost traditional technology is used to convert surplus slashed biomass into biochar through which the soil is enriched with nutrients, especially potassium and large quantities of carbon is sequestered annually. This traditional practice is the best example of a carbon-negative technology and effective utilization of locally available resources for better crop production. This practice has thrived for several centuries due to its multi-fold significance, minimum degrade effects and higher productive output. Presently, a scientifically modified version of this practice can be adopted for acid soil management in north east hill region of India.Keywords
Biochar Preparation, Ethnic Communities Deforestation, Indigenous Farming Practice, Jhum Cultivation.References
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- Fauna Associated with Wheat Cultivation in High Altitudes of the Nilgiris, India
Abstract Views :112 |
PDF Views:66
Authors
J. Berliner
1,
J. Alfred-Daniel
2,
Balaji Rajkumar
3,
H. C. Hombegowda
4,
B. Manimaran
5,
Rashid Parvez
5,
M. R. Khan
5,
Priyank Hanuman Mhatre
6,
Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi Govindharaj
7
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Wellington 643 231, IN
2 The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 8499000, IL
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Regional Station, Madikeri 571 201, IN
4 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Regional Station, Udagamandalam 643 004, IN
5 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
6 ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station, Udhagamandalam 643 004, IN
7 ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, IN
1 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Wellington 643 231, IN
2 The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 8499000, IL
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Regional Station, Madikeri 571 201, IN
4 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Regional Station, Udagamandalam 643 004, IN
5 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
6 ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station, Udhagamandalam 643 004, IN
7 ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 124, No 4 (2023), Pagination: 426-433Abstract
Wheat cultivation in southern India is unique as it is grown in high altitudes (1500 m amsl), surrounded by the pristine environment of the Western Ghats. Also, it can be grown throughout the year, unlike only once a year in India’s central and northern plains. The faunal pressure on wheat cultivation in southern India is different from the other wheat-growing regions in the country. However, information on faunal diversity associated with wheat crops in this unique ecosystem is meagre. Hence, the present study aimed to acquire knowledge based on the fauna associated with and their influence on wheat cultivation in the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, South India. Our results indicated that the phylum Arthropoda dominated the ecosystem with 61 species, followed by the Chordata with 41 species, and the Nematoda with 22 species. The coleopterans were found to be dominant among arthropods followed by lepidopterans. In chordates, small birds such as spotted munia and common rosefinch were observed often, while among the Nematoda, the plant-parasitic order Tylenchida topped the list. During different phases of cultivation, the overall diversity was highest during the early stages of the crop and least during the vegetative phase. This study also highlights the human– animal interaction in the context of agriculture, as it was observed that the damage caused by Nilgiri gaur, spotted munia and common rosefinch was one of the major reasons for non-preference of wheat crops by the farmers besides the lack of cost-effective technologies to ward-off wild animals. This initiative may encourage researchers to perform more comprehensive studies on the faunal diversity of the entire crop-growing areas in the southern hill regions of India.Keywords
Agroecosystem, Animals, Biodiversity, Birds, Nematodes, Wheat.References
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